Reaction times can be measured using various techniques, depending on the reaction and the desired precision: 1. Spectroscopic Methods: Monitoring changes in absorbance or emission spectra over time. 2. Chromatography: Analyzing the concentration of reactants and products at different time intervals. 3. Calorimetry: Measuring the heat released or absorbed during the reaction. 4. Titration: Determining the concentration of reactants or products through chemical titration at specific time points.
