Nano engineering involves several steps to create effective catalysts: 1. Synthesis: Methods like chemical vapor deposition, sol-gel processes, and hydrothermal synthesis are used to create nanomaterials with precise control over size and morphology. 2. Functionalization: Surface modification techniques, such as ligand attachment and doping, are used to enhance catalytic properties. 3. Characterization: Advanced techniques like Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) are employed to analyze the structure and composition of nanomaterials. 4. Testing: Catalytic performance is evaluated through reaction studies, measuring parameters like reaction rate, selectivity, and stability.
