Several techniques and instruments are used to achieve instantaneous feedback in catalytic processes:
1. In-situ Spectroscopy: Techniques like FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) and Raman Spectroscopy allow researchers to analyze reaction intermediates and products as the reaction progresses. 2. Mass Spectrometry: By continuously sampling the reaction mixture, mass spectrometry can provide real-time data on the molecular composition of the reacting species. 3. Temperature and Pressure Sensors: Advanced sensors can provide real-time data on the temperature and pressure inside the reactor, which are critical parameters for many catalytic reactions. 4. Chromatography: Techniques such as gas chromatography (GC) or liquid chromatography (LC) can be coupled with reactors to provide continuous analysis of reaction components.
