Functionalization in catalysis can be achieved through various methods, including:
Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD): This technique involves the deposition of volatile precursors onto substrates to form a thin film of functionalized material. Surface Grafting: Functional groups are covalently attached to the surface of materials, such as nanoparticles or porous supports. Ligand Exchange: In this process, existing ligands on a metal center are replaced with new functional ligands to modify the catalyst's properties.
