Cryo-EM is applied in various aspects of catalysis research, including: 1. Enzyme Catalysis: Studying the structure and function of enzyme catalysts to understand how they accelerate biological reactions. 2. Heterogeneous Catalysis: Analyzing the surfaces and active sites of solid catalysts used in industrial processes. 3. Nanocatalysts: Investigating the morphology and atomic structure of nanocatalysts, which often exhibit unique catalytic properties.