Compliance is monitored through various methods: 1. Regular Audits: Companies undergo audits to ensure their processes meet regulatory standards. 2. Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs): These are conducted to evaluate the potential environmental effects of new catalytic processes. 3. Reporting Requirements: Companies must submit regular reports detailing their emissions and waste management practices. 4. Penalties for Non-Compliance: Failure to comply with environmental regulations can result in fines, operational shutdowns, or legal actions.