Bioenergy involves converting biomass into usable energy forms such as biofuels and biogas. Catalysts are essential in various stages of this conversion process. For instance, in the production of bioethanol, enzymes act as biocatalysts to break down complex carbohydrates into fermentable sugars. Similarly, in the production of biodiesel, transesterification reactions are catalyzed by both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts.
