In the production of biofuels, catalysts are employed to convert biomass into usable fuels like biodiesel and bioethanol. These processes often involve complex reactions where catalysts help in breaking down the biomass into simpler molecules. Enzymatic catalysts, for instance, are used in the fermentation of sugars to produce bioethanol, while heterogeneous catalysts are utilized in the transesterification of fats and oils to produce biodiesel.
