Various techniques are employed to study adsorbate binding on catalyst surfaces: - Spectroscopy: Techniques like Infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopy provide information on the nature of adsorbate-catalyst interactions. - Microscopy: Electron microscopy can visualize adsorbates on catalyst surfaces. - Temperature-Programmed Desorption (TPD): This method measures the amount and types of adsorbates as a function of temperature.
