The design of catalytic reactors, such as fixed-bed reactors or fluidized-bed reactors, must account for the volumetric flow rate. In fixed-bed reactors, a high volumetric flow rate may lead to insufficient contact time between the reactants and the catalyst, reducing conversion efficiency. In fluidized-bed reactors, the flow rate affects the fluidization quality and the catalyst's dispersion, impacting the overall reaction performance.
