MTHFR utilizes NADPH as a cofactor to facilitate the reduction of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. This reaction is essential for the remethylation of homocysteine to methionine. Without this catalytic activity, the methylation cycle would be disrupted, leading to an accumulation of homocysteine and a deficiency in methionine.
