In enantioselective catalysis, the catalyst typically contains a chiral element that interacts differently with each enantiomer of the substrate. This interaction can occur through various mechanisms, including:
1. Metal Complexes: Chiral ligands attached to metal ions create a chiral environment that can favor the formation of one enantiomer. 2. Organocatalysts: Small organic molecules that induce asymmetry through hydrogen bonding or other non-covalent interactions. 3. Enzymatic Catalysis: Enzymes, which are nature's catalysts, are inherently chiral and often produce one enantiomer preferentially.
