In biohydrometallurgy, microorganisms play the role of catalysts to convert metal compounds into soluble forms. The process typically involves bioleaching and biooxidation:
Bioleaching: This is the process where microorganisms break down sulfide minerals, releasing metal ions into solution. For example, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans oxidizes ferrous ions and sulfur compounds, rendering metals like copper, zinc, and gold soluble. Biooxidation: This method involves the oxidation of metal sulfides. The process enhances the recovery of precious metals such as gold by breaking down the surrounding mineral matrix.
