Resolution: AFM provides atomic-level resolution, which is comparable to TEM but superior to SEM. Sample Preparation: Unlike TEM, AFM requires minimal sample preparation, preserving the natural state of the catalyst. Environmental Conditions: AFM can operate under various environmental conditions, including in situ studies (e.g., liquid or gas environments), which is challenging for TEM and SEM. Data Types: AFM provides both topographical and mechanical data, whereas TEM and SEM primarily offer structural information.
