In Situ and Operando Spectroscopy For catalysis research, it is crucial to study catalysts under actual reaction conditions. In situ spectroscopy involves analyzing the catalyst while it is exposed to reactants but not necessarily under operational conditions. Operando spectroscopy takes this a step further by studying the catalyst during the catalytic reaction, providing real-time insights into the catalytic process.
Combining Techniques Often, a single spectroscopic method may not provide all the necessary information. Combining multiple techniques can offer a more comprehensive understanding. For example, combining IR and Raman spectroscopy can provide a complete picture of vibrational modes, while coupling XAS with UV-Vis spectroscopy can offer insights into both electronic structure and local geometry.
