Repair enzymes function through a series of steps that typically involve recognition of the damaged site, excision of the damaged DNA segment, synthesis of a new DNA strand using the undamaged strand as a template, and ligation to seal the newly synthesized DNA into the existing strand. This process is highly catalytic, as it involves multiple biochemical reactions facilitated by enzyme catalysts. For instance, endonucleases are repair enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of the phosphodiester bond within a nucleotide chain to remove damaged sections.
