How Do Quantum Effects Influence Catalytic Reactions?
Quantum effects can influence catalytic reactions in several ways:
- Quantum Tunneling: Particles such as electrons or protons can tunnel through energy barriers, facilitating reactions that would otherwise require higher activation energy. - Zero-Point Energy: Even at absolute zero, particles retain residual energy, impacting reaction rates and mechanisms. - Energy Quantization: At the atomic and molecular levels, energy states are quantized, affecting how molecules interact with the catalyst surface.
