Prosthetic groups can attach to enzymes through different mechanisms:
- Covalent Bonds: Some prosthetic groups form covalent bonds with amino acid residues in the enzyme. For instance, the biotin group is covalently attached to the enzyme via an amide bond. - Non-Covalent Interactions: Others are bound through non-covalent interactions such as hydrogen bonds, ionic interactions, and van der Waals forces. Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) in flavoproteins is an example.
