Nanoparticles can enhance catalytic activity in several ways: 1. Increased Surface Area: As particles become smaller, their surface area increases, providing more active sites for reactants. 2. Quantum Effects: At the nanoscale, quantum effects can alter the electronic properties of materials, potentially leading to better catalytic performance. 3. Surface Energy: Nanoparticles often have high surface energy, which can make them more reactive. 4. Tunability: The size, shape, and composition of nanoparticles can be finely tuned to optimize their catalytic properties.
