Molecular photocatalysts function by absorbing light and transitioning to an excited state. In this excited state, the catalyst can either donate or accept electrons, thus driving a chemical reaction. The key steps involved are:
1. Light Absorption: The catalyst absorbs photons, usually in the UV-visible spectrum. 2. Excited State Formation: The absorbed energy promotes the catalyst to an excited electronic state. 3. Electron Transfer: The excited state can transfer electrons to or from a substrate, initiating a chemical reaction. 4. Catalyst Recovery: After the reaction, the catalyst returns to its ground state, ready to undergo another cycle.
