Enzymes facilitate catabolism through several mechanisms:
Substrate Binding: Enzymes bind to specific molecules called substrates, forming an enzyme-substrate complex. This binding helps to position the substrate in a way that makes it easier to break chemical bonds. Active Site: The region on the enzyme where the substrate binds is called the active site. This site provides an optimal environment for the reaction to occur, further lowering the activation energy. Cofactors: Some enzymes require additional molecules called cofactors or coenzymes to be active. These can be metal ions or organic molecules that assist in the catalytic process.
