Enzymes catalyze DNA repair by binding to DNA substrates and facilitating the conversion of substrate molecules into products through a series of well-coordinated steps. They often work in complexes to enhance specificity and efficiency. For instance, in NER, a multi-enzyme complex first recognizes the damage, makes incisions around it, and then excises the damaged fragment. DNA polymerase then synthesizes the correct sequence, and DNA ligase seals the strand.
