The impact of complex ligands on catalysis can be understood through several key factors:
Electronic Effects: Ligands can donate or withdraw electron density from the metal center, affecting its oxidation state and reactivity. Steric Effects: Bulky ligands can create a steric environment that influences substrate binding and the overall geometry of the catalyst. Coordination Environment: The spatial arrangement of ligands around the metal center can dictate the accessibility of substrates and intermediates, thereby affecting the catalytic cycle.
