Complex enzymes enhance catalysis by providing an optimal microenvironment for the [chemical reaction](). They lower the [activation energy]() required for the reaction, thereby increasing the reaction rate. This is achieved through various mechanisms, such as [proximity and orientation](), [strain and distortion](), and [acid-base catalysis](). Additionally, complex enzymes can exhibit [allosteric regulation](), where the binding of a regulator molecule at a site other than the active site induces conformational changes that affect enzyme activity.
