Catalysts achieve selectivity through various mechanisms:
Active Site Engineering: The design and modification of the active site of a catalyst can enhance its selectivity. For instance, zeolites have microporous structures that can selectively allow certain molecules to react. Ligand Effects: In homogeneous catalysis, the ligands attached to the catalyst can influence its selectivity. Modifying these ligands can alter the electronic and steric properties, leading to higher selectivity. Support Effects: In heterogeneous catalysis, the support material can influence the dispersion and electronic properties of the active sites, thus affecting selectivity.
