By-products can affect catalytic processes in several ways: - Reduced Yield: The formation of by-products consumes reactants, thereby reducing the yield of the desired product. - Catalyst Deactivation: Some by-products can poison or deactivate the catalyst, reducing its efficiency over time. - Additional Costs: The need for additional separation and purification steps adds to the overall cost of the process. - Environmental Impact: Unwanted by-products can be harmful to the environment and may require special disposal methods.
