Variability can be assessed through several methods:
Reproducibility Tests: Performing the same reaction multiple times under identical conditions to check for consistent results. Characterization Techniques: Techniques like X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and BET surface area analysis can help understand the physical and chemical properties of the catalyst. Reaction Kinetics: Studying the reaction rate and mechanism to understand how different factors affect the performance.
