Several techniques are used to characterize particle size:
1. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS): Measures the scattering of light to determine particle size in a suspension. 2. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM): Offers high-resolution images to visually assess particle size and shape. 3. X-ray Diffraction (XRD): Estimates particle size based on the broadening of diffraction peaks. 4. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) Surface Area Analysis: Although not a direct measure of particle size, BET analysis can infer size from the surface area.