Direct Infringement: Occurs when a party makes, uses, or sells a patented catalyst without permission. Indirect Infringement: Involves contributing to or inducing another party to infringe a patent, such as providing components or instructions for making a patented catalyst. Willful Infringement: When an infringer knowingly violates a patent, potentially leading to enhanced damages. Reverse Engineering: While not always illegal, if the process reveals a patented catalyst or method, using or selling the findings without authorization constitutes infringement.
