Identifying incomplete cleaning involves several analytical techniques: - Spectroscopy: Techniques such as FTIR or XPS can identify the presence of surface contaminants. - Microscopy: SEM or TEM can visualize the distribution of impurities on the catalyst surface. - Activity testing: Comparing the catalytic performance before and after cleaning can indicate the effectiveness of the cleaning process. Regular monitoring and testing are crucial to ensure that the catalyst remains in optimal condition.
