Customization of catalysts can be achieved through several approaches:
1. Material Selection: Choosing the right base materials such as metals, metal oxides, or zeolites that offer the desired properties. 2. Doping and Alloying: Introducing other elements into the base material to enhance its properties. For example, doping platinum with tin can improve its catalytic performance in fuel cells. 3. Support Modification: Modifying the support material to enhance the dispersion and stability of the active sites. 4. Nanostructuring: Designing catalysts at the nanoscale to maximize surface area and reactivity. 5. Functionalization: Adding specific chemical groups to the surface of the catalyst to improve its interaction with reactants.
