quantitative measurements

How Are These Parameters Measured?

Several experimental techniques are used to measure these parameters accurately:
Gas Chromatography (GC)
GC is commonly used to analyze the composition of reactants and products. It provides precise measurements of concentration, which are essential for calculating reaction rates, yields, and selectivity.
Mass Spectrometry (MS)
MS is often coupled with GC (GC-MS) to provide detailed information about the molecular structure and composition of the products. This helps in understanding the selectivity and mechanistic pathways of the catalytic reaction.
Infrared Spectroscopy (IR)
IR spectroscopy is used to monitor the functional groups in reactants and products. It can provide insights into the intermediate species formed during the reaction, which is crucial for mechanistic studies.
Temperature-Programmed Desorption (TPD)
TPD is used to study the interaction between reactants and the catalyst surface. It provides information about the adsorption and desorption characteristics, which are important for understanding the catalyst's activity and stability.

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