The development process often involves several stages:
1. Theoretical Modelling: Computational methods, such as density functional theory (DFT), are used to predict catalyst behavior and guide material selection.
2. Synthesis and Characterization: Advanced synthesis techniques, such as sol-gel methods or chemical vapor deposition (CVD), are employed to create catalysts with desired properties. Characterization tools like X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron microscopy help in understanding the catalyst's structure.
3. Testing and Optimization: Catalysts are rigorously tested under relevant conditions. Iterative optimization involves tweaking synthesis parameters and compositions to achieve the best performance.
