The synthesis of novel catalytic materials involves a variety of techniques, including:
1. Sol-Gel Method: This involves the transition of a solution into a solid gel phase, allowing for the creation of highly uniform and porous materials.
2. Hydrothermal Synthesis: This technique uses high pressure and temperature to crystallize materials from aqueous solutions, commonly used for the production of zeolites and MOFs.
3. Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD): CVD is used to deposit thin films of materials onto substrates, often employed in the synthesis of graphene and other nanomaterials.
4. Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD): This technique allows for the layer-by-layer deposition of materials with atomic-scale precision, useful for creating single-atom catalysts.
