The fabrication of monoliths involves several steps, depending on the material and application. Typically, the process starts with the extrusion or molding of the base material into the desired honeycomb structure. This is followed by drying and calcination to provide mechanical strength. The final step involves the impregnation of active catalytic materials onto the monolith's surface. Advanced techniques like 3D printing are also being explored for more complex and customized designs.
