Achieving mild conditions often involves the use of highly active catalysts that can lower the activation energy of a reaction. These catalysts can be homogeneous, heterogeneous, or enzymatic:
Homogeneous Catalysts: These catalysts are in the same phase as the reactants, often providing better molecular interaction and higher activity. Heterogeneous Catalysts: These catalysts are in a different phase than the reactants, facilitating easier separation and reuse. Enzymatic Catalysts: These biocatalysts are highly specific and operate under physiological conditions, making them ideal for mild processes.
