How are Metal Oxides Characterized in Catalytic Studies?
Characterization of metal oxides is crucial for understanding their catalytic properties. Common techniques include:
- X-ray Diffraction (XRD): Used to determine the crystal structure and phase composition of metal oxides. - Surface Area Analysis: Techniques like BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) analysis measure the surface area, which is critical for catalytic activity. - Spectroscopic Methods: Techniques such as XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy) and FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) provide insights into the chemical state and surface composition of the metal oxides.
