The synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles can be achieved through various methods, including:
Sol-Gel Process: Involves the transition of a system from a liquid 'sol' into a solid 'gel' phase. Hydrothermal Synthesis: Uses high temperature and pressure to crystallize materials from aqueous solutions. Chemical Vapor Deposition: Involves the deposition of a material from a vapor phase onto a substrate. Co-precipitation: Simultaneous precipitation of multiple components from a solution.