There are several methods to synthesize metal oxide clusters, including: - Sol-gel methods: These involve the transition from a liquid 'sol' into a solid 'gel' phase and are commonly used for producing metal oxides. - Hydrothermal synthesis: This technique involves reacting metal salts in water at high temperatures and pressures to form clusters. - Chemical vapor deposition (CVD): A process where metal precursors are vaporized and then deposited onto a substrate, forming clusters. - Microwave-assisted synthesis: Utilizes microwave radiation to rapidly heat precursors, leading to cluster formation.
