Several methods are used to synthesize heteroatom-doped carbons:
- Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD): This method involves the decomposition of a carbon-containing gas in the presence of a heteroatom precursor, leading to the formation of doped carbon materials.
- Pyrolysis: Organic precursors containing both carbon and heteroatoms are pyrolyzed at high temperatures to produce doped carbon materials. This method allows for precise control over the type and amount of doping.
- Post-Synthesis Treatment: Pre-synthesized carbon materials can be doped by post-treatment with heteroatom-containing chemicals. This method is flexible but may not achieve uniform doping.
- Solvothermal Methods: These involve the reaction of carbon precursors with heteroatom sources in a solvent under high pressure and temperature, leading to the incorporation of heteroatoms into the carbon matrix.
