Chemical standards are used in various ways in catalysis: 1. Calibration: Instruments such as gas chromatographs and mass spectrometers are calibrated using chemical standards to ensure accurate measurements. 2. Method Development: Standards are used to develop and validate new analytical methods. 3. Performance Evaluation: The effectiveness of a catalyst can be evaluated by comparing its performance against a standard. 4. Reproducibility: Standards are used to verify the reproducibility of experimental results by different researchers.
