Identifying catalytic sites often involves advanced techniques such as:
Spectroscopy: Methods like X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy can provide information about the chemical environment of the catalytic sites. Microscopy: Techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) allow for the visualization of the surface morphology and identification of active sites. Computational Methods: Density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics simulations can predict the location and activity of catalytic sites.
