Catalytic materials can be broadly classified into several categories:
Heterogeneous Catalysts: Solid catalysts that operate in a different phase than the reactants. Homogeneous Catalysts: Catalysts that are in the same phase as the reactants, typically in solution. Biocatalysts: Enzymes or other biological molecules that catalyze reactions. Photocatalysts: Materials that use light to drive catalytic reactions. Electrocatalysts: Catalysts that facilitate electrochemical reactions.
