Catalysts play a crucial role in enhancing the efficiency of ozone-based AOPs. Various catalysts, including transition metal oxides (e.g., titanium dioxide, iron oxides) and supported catalysts, can facilitate the decomposition of ozone and the subsequent generation of hydroxyl radicals. For instance, in the presence of titanium dioxide (TiO2) under UV light, ozone can produce additional reactive species, thereby accelerating the oxidation process. This synergy between ozone and catalysts is vital for achieving higher degradation rates and reducing energy consumption.
