Characterizing catalyst surfaces is crucial for understanding their activity and improving their performance. Techniques include:
- BET Surface Area Analysis: Measures the surface area of porous materials. - X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS): Determines the elemental composition and chemical state. - Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM): Provides detailed images of the surface morphology. - Temperature-Programmed Desorption (TPD): Studies the desorption of adsorbed species.
