Various techniques are employed to study adsorbed intermediates, including: - [Spectroscopy](): Methods like Infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopy provide information about the molecular structure and bonding environment of intermediates. - [Microscopy](): Techniques such as Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) allow for visualization of intermediates at the atomic level. - [Computational Methods](): Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations help predict the structure, energy, and dynamics of intermediates.
