Additives can be incorporated into a catalysis system through various methods: 1. Impregnation: The catalyst is soaked in a solution containing the additive, followed by drying and calcination. 2. Co-precipitation: The catalyst and additive are precipitated together from a solution, ensuring uniform distribution. 3. Physical Mixing: The additive and catalyst are mixed physically, typically used in solid catalysis. 4. Surface Modification: The surface of the catalyst is modified with the additive, often used in nanotechnology applications.
