What are Greenhouse Gases?
Greenhouse gases (GHGs) are compounds that trap heat in the atmosphere, contributing to the greenhouse effect and global warming. The most common GHGs include carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and fluorinated gases.
How Does Catalysis Help Reduce Greenhouse Gases?
Catalysis plays a crucial role in reducing GHG emissions through various processes. Catalysts can enhance the efficiency of chemical reactions, thereby reducing the energy required and minimizing carbon footprint. Additionally, catalysts are instrumental in converting harmful gases into less harmful compounds.
Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU): Involves capturing CO2 from industrial emissions and converting it into useful products like fuels and chemicals using catalysts.
Methanation: Converts CO2 and hydrogen into methane, which can be used as a cleaner fuel alternative.
Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR): Reduces NOx emissions from industrial processes and vehicles by converting them into nitrogen and water.
Hydrogenation: Converts CO2 into hydrocarbons or alcohols, which can serve as renewable fuels.
High energy requirements for some catalytic reactions.
Development of efficient and cost-effective
catalysts.
Stability and longevity of catalysts under harsh industrial conditions.
Scalability of catalytic processes to meet global demands.
Nanocatalysts: Provide higher surface area and improved activity for more efficient reactions.
Biocatalysts: Enzymes and microbes that can convert GHGs into useful products under mild conditions.
Photocatalysts: Use sunlight to drive reactions that convert CO2 into fuels or chemicals.
Electrocatalysts: Facilitate the electrochemical conversion of CO2 into valuable products using renewable electricity.
