Catalysis is a process that increases the rate of a
chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy barrier. This is achieved through the addition of a
catalyst, a substance that participates in the reaction but remains chemically unchanged at the end.
Types of Catalysts
Catalysts can be broadly classified into two categories:
homogeneous catalysts and
heterogeneous catalysts. Homogeneous catalysts exist in the same phase as the reactants, typically in solution, whereas heterogeneous catalysts exist in a different phase, usually as solids.
Catalysts work by providing an alternative reaction pathway with a lower activation energy. This involves forming temporary
intermediate complexes with reactants, which decompose to yield the final product, regenerating the catalyst in the process.
Applications of Catalysis
Benefits of Catalysis
The primary benefits of using catalysts include increased reaction rates, improved
selectivity, and reduced energy consumption. This leads to more efficient processes, lower costs, and a smaller environmental footprint.
Challenges in Catalysis
Despite its advantages, catalysis also presents several challenges. One major issue is
catalyst deactivation, which can occur due to fouling, poisoning, or sintering. Developing catalysts that are robust and long-lasting under operational conditions remains a key focus area.
Future Trends in Catalysis
