Bioconversions can be classified into several types based on the nature of the biological catalyst used:
Enzyme-catalyzed reactions: These involve isolated enzymes that catalyze specific biochemical reactions. Microbial bioconversions: In this type, whole microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, or yeast, are used to catalyze the conversion of substrates. Cell-free systems: These use cell extracts containing necessary enzymes and cofactors for the reaction. Metabolic engineering: This involves the genetic modification of microorganisms to enhance their ability to produce desired products through bioconversions.
